Progress in the study of reproductive toxicity of platinum-based antitumor drugs and their means of prevention.

Platinum-based antitumor drugs are broad-spectrum agents with unique mechanisms of action. Combination chemotherapy regimens based on platinum drugs are commonly used in cancer treatment. However, these drugs can cause various adverse reactions in the human body through different routes of administration, including reproductive toxicity, genetic toxicity, and embryonic developmental toxicity. Preventing adverse effects is crucial to enhance patients' quality of life and reduce healthcare costs. This article discusses the types and developmental history of antitumor active platinum compounds, their mechanisms of action, routes of administration, and their potential reproductive, genetic, and embryonic developmental toxicity. This text explores preventive measures based on animal experimental results. Its aim is to provide references for personalized treatment and occupational protection when using platinum drugs. The continuous progress of science and technology, along with the deepening of medical research, suggests that the application of platinum drugs will broaden. Therefore, the development of new platinum drugs will be an important direction for future research.

Physical mechanism of order between electric and magnetic dipoles in spoof plasmonic structures.

It has been recently shown that a solid-textured metal cylinder can support electric and magnetic dipolar resonances simultaneously [Phys. Rev. X4, 021003 (2014)PRXHAE2160-330810.1103/PhysRevX.4.021003] which are almost degenerate in a two-dimensional (2-D) structure and non-degenerate in a three-dimensional (3-D) structure, and with the magnetic dipole appearing at higher frequency. They are described as spoof localized plasmonic modes analogous to localized plasmonic resonances in optical frequencies. Here, we consider a hollow metal cylinder corrugated by periodic cut-through slits. Our results indicate that the magnetic dipole can be separated from the electric dipole in a 2-D structure, and magnetic dipolar resonance appears at lower frequency, rather than electric resonance in both 2-D and 3-D structures. In order to clarify the physical mechanism behind the abnormal phenomenon, we study the influence of the core material on the electric- and magnetic-dipole modes based on theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. It is discovered that there is a threshold of an imaginary part of permittivity for switching the order between electric and magnetic dipoles. These results may provide fundamental understanding and physical insight for spoof plasmonic modes supported in designer structures.